Electric controlling apparatus



Sept. 7, 1937. F. G. LOGAN ELECTRIC CONTROLLING APPARATUS 'Filed DeG 20, 1934 will Patented Sept. 7, 1937 .L

2,092,319 ELECTRIC coN'rnoLuNG APPARATUS Frank G. Logan, Mount Vernon,iN. Y., assignor to Ward Leonard Electric Company, a corpora-A tion of New York Application December 20,1934, serial No. '158,414

16 claims.4 (ci. 11s-acs) This invention relates to an improved method jects and advantages of this invention Will be and apparatus for operating a plurality of loads understood yfrom the following description and on different consumption circuits from a single acccmpanying drawing illustrating One embodialternating current source, such as a transment thereof.

UNITED STATES PTENT OFF-CEvv former,A and wherein rectiflers are used for re- The drawing is a diagram of a preferred em- 5 -spectively supplying uni-directional current to bodiment of the invention. the different consumption circuits. The inven- The drawing ShOWS an appliCatiOn 0f. the ntion is vparticularly applicable to the operation of vention tothe control of two projector arc maprojection arc machines where the arcs serve as chines, the arc of one machine being indicated 10 the light source, as in motion picture equipment. aS arc I and the arc of the other machine be- 10 In the use of such projection machines and in ing indicated aS arc 2- The tlncc-phase Source cases analogous thereto, it has been common I is indicated Supplyingy a 'three-phase transpractice to provide a transformer for each load former having the primary windings 2 connected circuit with its respective rectifying and control in delta and the secondary windings 3a, 3b and 15 apparatuseach equipment working independent- 3 connected in Star. A 'three-phase Supply iS 15 1y of each ofL the others and being controlled inshown as an example, aS thiS iS the Usual form dependently. This has been necessary because of power supply but the invention iS readily apordinarily one supply transformer cannot be used plicable t0 any Single phase 01 any pclyphaSe to operate two or more regulated rectiers besystem, as will be appreciated by those skilled in cause a change of load on the transformer will the art. The left-hand portion of the drawing go alter the effective output of one rectifier when designated as control No. 1 serves to supply and the others are loaded or unloaded. This is due to control the un-directional energy delivered 130 the regulation of the transformer under change arc l. The middle portion of the drawing desof load and likewise is due to change in the secignated aS COntrOl NO- 2 SerVeS t0 Supply and ondary wave form. Another difficulty arises control the uni-directional energy supplied to causing a change in output due to anode Arearc 2. The right-hand portion of the drawing actor lregulation of one machine when another Shows the switch control mechanism and intermachine is either placed in or removed from a connections whereby the arc machines may be parallel connection which causes a resultant Operated individually, Simultaneously and also change in current through the anode reactor, or with the control apparatus in parallel for sup- .to

reactors, of the first machine. u plying each arc machine.

The main object of the present invention is to y Under thecontrol No. l there is indicated three permit the operation of such loads from a. single rectifying tubes 4, 4", and tc which may be of alternating current source, such as a transformer any Suitable form or type, having anodes 5a, 5b, and thereby avoid the expense of duplication and 5c and cathodes 6, 6b, and 6C. The cathodes i5 thereof and of wiring connections. Another obareoindicatcd aS having the usual windings la, jeris to, so intenelatetne action ofithe diner,- lb, and 1c which Supply heating energy tov the "int mach'ris' in"tli'ir controlling the cathodes" aswell understood by those iskilleclfin al when'any'on of' y"is, ope theartf'Anodlractorccresva,85, anclciwhich no singly "si uitanoiii="ir nayb'e"Jbfany'suiiabie'forni', anode wind lc Y 'Ihe common point of connection of the star connected secondary turn from the arcs of the two projector ma- 5 chines, the lower right-hand corner of the drawing showing this lead connected to the negative side of the arcs. 'I'he mid-points Vof the cathode windings 1a, lb, and 'lc are *connectedl together by a lead P1 which forms the positive line leading to the projector machine of arc I. The midpoints of the cathode windings |3a, |311, and ff|3= l' are connected together to form the positive line P2 leading to the projector machine of arc 2.V On each of the cores 8a, 8b, and 8` is a control winding |6a, |61),V and I6c which are'- connected in series with each other. One lead Vfrom these series connected control windings extends to an positive line P2.

Engaging the section is an adjustable contact 25a which is connected to the positive lead P2 of projector machine supplying arc 2. j

24,1701*` a" portion thereof, in circuit with the compensatingwindings 22e, 2211, and 22C. The adjustavbleicontact 25b is connected by a lead 26 to pivot contacts 21 and 28 of double-pole, double-throw, controlling switches S1 and S2. Similar compensating windings 29a, 291, andl 29 are on the cores Ma, |42, and Mc of the anode reactors of control windings is connected to a resistance having sections3| and 32. Anadjustable contactSZ@ ofV resistance 32 is connected to the positive: line P1 of lprojector machine supply arc |.I nn adjustable contact l321? engages a point between the sections 3| and 32V ofthe variable resistances andin turn is connected to the pivot contacts 2 and Y28 of the control switches S1 and S2. Now referring to the additional connections of the control'iswitches YS1 and S2, it will be Yseen that the positive line P1 supplying the positive carbon of arc is connected to the left-,hand contact pvot point of switch1S1. yWhen* the switch Slis in its upper position, it connects its ,positivel pivot line con- Y tact withnthe contact 33 which'in ,turnnisponf' 15 nected through the projector machine to the y i In the operation of positive carbon of arc Similarly, the positive line P2 is connected to the left-hand pivot contact of switch S2;V and when this switch is in its upper closed position, it connects the positive connected together and to the positive line P2. When the switch S2 is in its lower position it engages the contacts 36 which are connected to- Y gether and also connectedto the line P1.

It is apparent from the connections that the resistance |81 and adjustable contact |11 enable of that machine for securing the best operative f As the resistance |81 is conand N, this adjustment and anodereactor windings lra, |51), and|5c according to the requirements of the projector machine As to the compensating windings 222, 22b and 22c and 29a' 291, and 29c on theV anode reactors, the action is quite diierentand depends upon which machine is Operating individually, whether they are operating simultaneously and whether or not 45 221,and 22c of control No. l. Similarly, the con- 60 tact 322 of resistance 32 is connected to the positive line P1 supplying the positive carbonof arcrl and controls the current inthe compensating windingsZSa, 2911, and V29c of control No. l2.

ofthe second projector is struck and begins*` its 2O 70v 'ready referredfto; must lbel compensated forv to give the desired uniform operating conditions. nFurthermore, if, when one machine is running alone, which'is by far the'greater portion of the "time, therectiers, 4b, and-Mare placed in parallel with the rectiers I0, Alill, and IOC, vthen obviously the loadon the rectiers and control equipment is reduced-by'one-half during most of the operatingA period. l

lIn operation, let it rst be assumed that the arc I is to bestruck. Switch'S1 will then be. closed in its upper position closing the circuit to arc I. Contact I11 will then be adjusted togive the desired controlof arc I through control of the curlfrent in windings |62, I6b,and IICrof the anode reactors'. When arcv I isoperating and arc 2 is not operating,the compensating windings 222, 22h,` and 22c of control No. 1 are having themaximum voltage applied to the circuit thereof'because there Ano load on arc 2. Consequently, compensatingl windings 222,221), and 22c being subjected to the voltage between P2 `and. N `bythe connections' already described, that is'flf'rom the "common negative Ny throughlead'1y23g`- windings 25,l 22C, 22h, and 22, resistance 24, resistance-25'; contact 25a and thence to positive -lead'P2, exert la certain bucking effect?V The adjustment 'of contact I 1l may obviously 'besuch as to takecare of the effect of the compensating coilson the cores of thereactors ofl control No.1 IParallel-operation ofthe rectifiers when arcv I' is operating, is accomplished by Y'throwing"swit'ch S2 toy 'its lower position. This connects the positive lines P1 and P2 together. This parallel operation would, if vnot compensated for, cause the voltage across arc I to rise and give a disturbing effect ofthe operation `of yarc I. However, when the switchlS2 is moved to the lower position for parallel operation, it connects pivot contact 28 with 40 contact,36, to which bothpositive lines P1 andY P2 are connected. Consequently, by means of lead 31 whichextends from switch contact 28 to',V the lead 26 and to the contact 25.b being nowV connected to the common positive linesPl and P2 results in( short-circuiting the resistance section 25. Thus thereduced resistance of the circuit of the compensatingwindings with; only resistance 24 in lseriesy therewith, results in increasing the current iny the compensating coils lduring parallel operation. The resulting increasedk bucking effect in these coils will then,` with the proper proportioning of the turns thereof andof the amount of resistance 24, cause the reactance'of the 'afnode windings 92, 9b, and 9c to be increasedj so 'that 's 55`thve Vresnltan't, increasei lin 'voltagefdrop therein ,:\-\,\e(':^w. l ft l tionen-,was evi. .e tr

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175ml :Shortly before the-.andrai theeoperationwf arc I andA near-thelendiof ,its reel, ythe switch S2 is f thrown to open position with the change of compensating eiect alreadyreferred to and lWithout disturbing the desired condition of arc I. Switch S21 is then vthrownito its upper position. This -initiates the operation lof arc 2 on its individual circuit.' The placing of the load of arc 2 on rectiiiersy HP2-II)b and Illcxcauses a drop in voltage between the Vcommon negativeand positive line vP2 as Awell/as causing a vdrop in voltage in the y transformerrwindings and anode reactors. This change, however, does not disturb the .operation of arcflbecause the decreased voltage between the negative -line and the positiveline P2 causes a decreased voltage to the 'applied to the circuit of the compensating windings 222, 22b and 22c including the-resistances 24 and 25 so that a decreased bucking current ows in these compensating windings as compared with the condition when arc No. I was operating alone. The resulting decreased bucking eiect decreases the reactan'celof the anode windingsva, 9b, and 9 so thatless voltage drop occurs therein when both arcs are'simultaneously and individually operated than when arc No. I was operating alone. Thus the drop in voltage which would otherwise occur when the arcs are simultaneously operated is compensated for by maintaining the desired voltage on a'rc No. I. Likewise, when arc No. 2 is operated in conjunction with arc No. I, the voltage of arc No. 2 is maintained at the desired value because the compensating windings 292, 29", and 29c are acting the same way on the anode reactors of its rectiers as already explained with reference to'control No. 1.

After a short interval of simultaneous operation of the arcs and arc 2 is in condition to act alone on its reel, the switch S1 is opened. This tends to increase the voltage applied to control No, 2 due to transformer regulation. Such ten-4 Y dency is, however, counteracted by the increase of current in the compensating windings 29a, 29h, and 29c which occurs upon the opening of switch'Sl. This increase is due to the fact that when the load is removed from control No. 1, the 1 output voltage of its rectiflers is increased, increasing the voltage between the common negative and the positive line P1.` As the windings 29a, 29h, and29c are connected across this circuit,

the'increased Voltage thereof will cause the increase in current. This increase in current in- "creases the reactance of anode windings |52, I5b,

and I 5c causing an increased voltage drop therein vwith the result that the voltage of'arc 2 is not disturbcdf'by the'cessation of'opier'ation of arc I.

:paralieloperationlfor :awcfzl: was:describechr,r.myv

' i Near the end ofthe period 'of operationf arc 2, Vswitch. S1 will first be placedgin openY position 'placingfarc 2 on its individual control No. 2 with the Ycompensating change occurring as already described'in connection with control ko'f arc I. YSwitch S1 is then moved toits upper'position giving simultaneous operation ofthe arcs for a short period with the compensating'action taking place :'asfalready described'and then switchi S2 is thrown .,.fromitsupper position to openrposition with the compensating results again occurring. Switch S2 is then moved toits loweriposition lplacing both controls in parallel to supplyarc l with the compensating effect already described.

Thus it will be seen that at each sequential step of control through the entire cycle of operations,

the compensating effect upon the occurrence of each change is just sufficient to maintain the desired voltage upon the arcs of the two machines during allperiods of their operation. In obtaining thisresult it will, of course, be understood that the resistances 24 and 3l and 25 and 32 have been determined to be of the correct amounts for proper operation and after they are once arrived at they need not bemade adjustable. VIt will also be understood that the adjustable contactsY |11 and 202 are movable by the operator to give the required arc voltage depending upon the conditions and type of machine. Furthermore, this improvement not only acts to give propercompensation of voltage during the different sequential steps of operation of the two machines, but likewise insures the maintenance of the wave form to which the rectifiers are subjected within such limits that no appreciable disturbance of the condition of the arcs occur from wave form distortion. Y l

Although a typical embodiment of this invention has been'described, it is evident that various applications thereof may be made, such as the control of other loads than arc loads, and that various modifications may be made and that various types and forms of apparatus may be used without departing from the scope Vof, the invention.

1. An alternating current source, a plurality of i rectifying devices supplied with energy from said source, a plurality of consumption circuits supplied with energy from said devices respectively, means for placing a plurality of said devices in parallel for supplying one of said circuits, and controlling means for maintaining the output voltage of said devices in parallel approximately the same as before the parallel connection.

2'. An alternating current source,a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from' said source, a plurality of consumption circuits supplied With energy from said devices respectively, and controlling means for maintaining the output voltage of each of Said devices approximately constant upon change of load of any one of said circuits and upon placing said devices in parallel to supply any one Vof lsaid consumption circuits.'

1 3. An alternating current source, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from said source, a plurality of consumption circuits supplied With energy from said devices respectively, reactive means in the anode circuits of lsaid rectifyingy devices respectively, and a compensating winding for aifecting each of said means responsive to the output voltage of another of said devices. n 4. An alternating current source, a plurality of rectifyingdevices .supplied with. energy :from said j vices supplied with energy a plurality. of consumption circuits supplied with source, a plurality of consumption circuits;V sup- Vplied with energy from said vdevices respectively, reactive means in the anode circuits of saidzrectifying devices respectively, and controlling means for Vaffecting eachof said reactive means upon t' placing said devices in parallel to supply any one of said circuits. Y 5.V A transformer, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from said transformer,

a plurality of vconsumption circuitsrsuppliedwith 1 energy from said devices respectively, an anode reactor in the anode circuits of'l said devices 'respectively, `and a compensating windingVV on each of said reactors respectively, said compensating windings being responsive to theoutput voltage of another of said devices than the onecontrolled by its reactor.

6 A transformer, a plurality of rectifying `devices supplied with energy from said transformer, a plurality of consumption circuits supplied with energy from said devices respectively, an anode reactor in the anode circuits of said devices rek spectively, and a compensating winding on each -ofsaid reactors respectively, said compensating windings being responsive to the output voltage of i another of said devices than the one controlled by its reactor and having its magneto-motive force opposing that of itsV reactor. 'Y f 7. A transformer, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from said transformer, a plurality of consumption "circuits supplied with energy from said devices respectively, an anode reactor in the anode circuits of said devices respectively, and controlling means for placing a plurality of said devices in parallel and for then increasing the reactance of said reactors.

8. A transformer, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from said transformer, a plurality of consumption circuits supplied with energy from said devices respectively, an anode reactor inthe anode circuits o f `saiddevices respectively, a compensating windingon i each of said reactors respectively, said vcompensating windings being responsive toithe output voltage of another of said devices than the one controlled by its reactor, and controlling means Vfor placing a plurality of said devices in parallel and forthen increasing the reactance of said reactors.

9. A transformer, a plurality of Yrectifying devices supplied with energy from said 'transformer, a plurality of consumption circuits supplied with energy from said devices respectively, an anode reactor in the anode circuits of said devices respectively, a winding on said reactors respectively forindividually adjusting the output voltagesof said devices, a second winding on said reactors respectively responsive to the output voltage of another of said devices thanthe one controlled by its reactor, yand controlling means for placing a plurality of said devices in parallel andrfor then affecting thecurrent in said'second windings for maintaining an approximately constant output voltage from said devices; 10. A transformer, a plurality of rectifying defrom said transformer,

energy from said devices respectively, an anode reactor in the anode circuits of said Vdevices respectively, a winding on said reactors respectively for individually adjusting the output voltages of said devices, a second winding on sai-dV reactors respectively responsive to the output voltage of another of said devices than the one controlled 'cbylits reactor, and. controlling means forplacingl a plurality of said devices in parallel and for inserting impedance in the circuit of said second windings.

11. A transformer, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from said transformer, a plurality of consumption circuits supplied with energy from said devices respectively, an ano'de reactor in the anode circuits of said devices respectively, a Winding on said reactors respectively for individually adjusting the output voltages of said devices, a second winding on said reactors respectively responsive to the output voltage of another of said devices than the one controlled by its reactor and having its magnetomotiveforce opposing that of its reactor, and controlling means for placing a plurality of said devices in parallel and for then aiecting the current in said second windings for maintaining an approximately constant output voltage from said devices.

12. A transformer, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from said transformer,

a plurality of consumption circuits supplied with energy from said devices respectively, an anode reactor in the anode circuits of said devices respectively, a winding on said reactors respectively for individually adjusting the output voltages of said devices, a second Winding on said reactors respectively responsive to the output voltage of another of said devices than the one controlled by its reactor and having its magnetomotiveforce opposing that of its reactor, and controlling means for placing a plurality of said devices in parallel and for inserting impedance in the circuit of said second windings.

13. An alternating current source, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from said source, a plurality of consumption circuits supplied with energy from said devices respectively, reactive means in the anode circuits of said rectifying devices respectively, and a compensating winding for ailecting each of said means responsive to the output voltage of another of said devices for decreasing the reactance of said means upon decrease of said output voltage and for increasing the reactance thereof upon increasel of said output voltage.

14. An alternating current source, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from said source, a plurality of consumption circuits each individually and separately supplied with energy from said devices respectively, and a plurality of individual controlling means, one for individually and separately controlling each of said devices respectively, each of said means being responsive to the electrical condition of the output of another of said devices.

15. An alternating current source, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from said source, a plurality of consumption circuits L each individually and separately supplied with energy from said devices respectively, and a plurality of individual controlling means, one for individually and separately controlling each of said devices respectively, each of said means being responsive to the output voltage of another of said devices.

16. An alternating current source, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied with energy from said source, a plurality of consumption circuits each individually and separately supplied with energy from said devices respectively, and a plurality of individual controlling means one for individ'ually and separately controlling each of said devices respectively for maintaining the output voltage of each of said devices approximately constant upon change of load of any one of said circuits.

FRANK G. LOGAN. 

